Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, u-EmilFischer, owaphumelela iBhaso leNobel kwiKhemistri ngo-1901, wenza i-dipeptide ye-glycine eyenziwe ngobuqhetseba okokuqala, etyhila ukuba ulwakhiwo lokwenyani lwe-peptide luqulunqwe ngamathambo e-amide.Emva konyaka omnye, wacebisa igama”peptide”, eyaqala uphando lwenzululwazi yepeptide.

I-amino acids yayikhe yajongwa njengeyona yunithi incinci yomzimba'Ukufunxwa kokutya kweprotheyini, ngelixa i-peptides yabonwa kuphela njengokubola kwesibini kweprotheni.Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwesayensi kunye nezondlo, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba emva kokuba iprotheni igaywe kwaye ibolile, kwiimeko ezininzi, iipeptides ezincinci ezenziwe nge-2 ukuya kwi-3 ye-amino acid zifunxwa ngokuthe ngqo ngamathumbu amancinci omntu, kwaye ukufunxa kuphezulu kunoko. ye-amino acids enye.Abantu baqonda ngokuthe ngcembe ukuba i-peptide encinci yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ebomini, kwaye umsebenzi wayo uthathe inxaxheba kuwo onke amalungu omzimba.

I-Peptide yipolymer ye-amino acid, kunye nohlobo lwekhompawundi phakathi kwe-amino acid kunye neprotheni, kwaye iqulathe ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kwee-amino acids ezimbini ezinxibelelana enye kwenye ngekhonkco lepeptide.Ke ngoko, ngexesha elinye, sinokujonga i-peptide yimveliso engaphelelanga yokubola kweprotheyini.

Iipeptides zenziwe ngee-amino acids ngendlela ethile edityaniswe yitsheyini yeepeptide.

Ngokwe-nomenclature eyamkelekileyo, yahlulahlulwe yaba yi-oligopeptides, i-polypeptide kunye neprotheni.

I-Oligopeptide yenziwe nge-2-9 amino acids.

I-Polypeptide yenziwe nge-10-50 amino acids.

Iprotheyini yi-peptide ephuma kwi-peptide eyenziwe ngaphezulu kwe-50 amino acids.

Yayiyimbono yokuba xa iprotein ingena emzimbeni, kwaye phantsi kwesenzo soluhlu lwee-enzymes zokugaya kwi-digestive tract yayiza kugaya ibe yi-polypeptide, i-oligopeptide, kwaye ekugqibeleni ibole ibe yi-amino acids yamahhala, kwaye ukufunxwa komzimba kwiprotheni kunokuba kuphela. kwenziwa ngendlela yee-amino acids zasimahla.

Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lwenzululwazi yebhayoloji yanamhlanje kunye nezondlo, izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba i-oligopeptide inokufunxwa ngokupheleleyo ngamathumbu, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe yamkelwe ngabantu njengohlobo lwe-oligopeptide I kunye nohlobo lwe-II abathwali bahlanganiswa ngempumelelo.

Uphando lwezenzululwazi lufumene ukuba i-oligopeptide inendlela eyodwa yokufunxa:

1. Ukufunxa ngokuthe ngqo ngaphandle kokwetyisa.Inefilimu ekhuselayo ebusweni bayo, engayi kufakwa kwi-hydrolysis ye-enzymatic ngoluhlu lwe-enzymes kwinkqubo yokugaya ukutya komntu, kwaye ingena ngokuthe ngqo emathunjini amancinci kwifom epheleleyo kwaye ifakwe emathunjini amancinci.

2. Ukufunxa ngokukhawuleza.Ngaphandle kwenkunkuma okanye inkunkuma, kunye nokulungiswa kweeseli ezonakeleyo.

3. Njengebhulorho yokuthwala.Dlulisa zonke iintlobo zezondlo kwiiseli, amalungu kunye nemibutho emzimbeni.

Isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi ezifana nokhathalelo lwezonyango, ukutya kunye nezithambiso kunye nokufunxa lula, izondlo ezityebileyo kunye nefuthe lezinto eziphilayo, eziye zibe yindawo entsha eshushu kwi-high-tech field.I-peptide yemolekyuli encinci iye yamkelwa nguMbutho weSizwe woHlalutyo loLawulo lweDoping njengemveliso ekhuselekileyo yeembaleki ukuba ziyisebenzise, ​​kwaye uMkhosi weNkululeko yaBantu weSibhozo soBunye bezoShishino uthatha iipeptide zemolekyuli ezincinci.I-peptides ye-molecule encinci ithathe indawo ye-energy bar esetyenziswa ngabadlali kwixesha elidlulileyo.Emva koqeqesho oluphezulu lokhuphiswano, ukusela ikomityi yeepeptide ezincinci zemolekyuli kungcono ukubuyisela ukomelela komzimba kunye nokugcina impilo kunemivalo yamandla.Ngokukodwa kumonakalo wemisipha kunye namathambo, umsebenzi wokulungisa we-peptides encinci ye-molecule ayinakuphinda ibuyiselwe.